有关木工机械设备的一些相关说明介绍

     木工机械是木材加工机械的简称，是指从原木到加工成木制品的整个过程中所使用的各种机械设备。根据GB7635-87标准中规定，木工机械分为：

1）木工机床：制材、家具制作等加工设备；

2）人造板机械：人造板及木质纤维加工设备；

3）木材处理机械：木材干燥、防腐等设备。  本课程是为机械类专业学生了解和掌握木材加工设备知识而设置得选修课。本课程主要介绍木工机械的前两类，即木工机床和人造板机械，分别从中选取几种具有代表性的机床设备为同学们讲解其用途、结构、工作原理等。

（1）木材的特点和用途  

       木材具有重量轻、强重比高、弹性好、耐冲击、纹理色调丰富美观，加工容易等优点，自古至今都被列为重要的原材料。  木材工业由于能源消耗低,污染少,资源有再生性，在国民经济中也占重要地位。其产品已从原木的初加工品(如电杆、坑木、枕木和各种锯材)发展到成材的再加工品，如建筑构件、家具、车辆、船舶、文体用品、包装容器等；以及木材的再造加工品，即各种人造板、胶合木等，从而使木材工业形成了独立的工业体系。

（2）木材加工方法的发展趋势

1）提高木材综合利用率；  我国目前木材综合利用率约为60~65％，国外发达国家一般可达到85~95％。发展人造板产业、提高木材使用寿命、强化采伐、加工剩余物和废弃木材及制品的利用、推进农业剩余物人造板生产技术。  

2）提高加工精度，减少木材损失；

3）提高生产效率和自动化、数控化程度；

4）发展柔性化、集成化制造加工系统等制造技术，发展创新制造技术；  

5）环保、节能、无公害

Woodworking machinery is short for wood processing machinery, which refers to various mechanical equipment used in the entire process from logs to wood products. According to GB7635-87 standard, woodworking machinery is divided into:

1) Woodworking machine tools: processing equipment such as wood making and furniture making;

2) Wood-based panel machinery: wood-based panel and wood fiber processing equipment;

3) Wood treatment machinery: wood drying, corrosion and other equipment. This course is an optional course for mechanical students to understand and master the knowledge of wood processing equipment. This course mainly introduces the first two types of woodworking machinery, that is, woodworking machine tools and wood-based panel machinery. Several representative machine tools are selected to explain their use, structure and working principle to students.

(1) Characteristics and uses of wood

Wood has the advantages of light weight, high strength to weight ratio, good elasticity, impact resistance, rich texture and beautiful tone, easy processing, and so on, has been listed as an important raw material since ancient times. The wood industry also plays an important role in the national economy because of its low energy consumption, less pollution and renewable resources. Its products have been developed from the initial processing of logs (such as poles, pits, sleepers and various sawn timber) to the re-processing of finished wood, such as building components, furniture, vehicles, ships, recreational goods, packaging containers, etc.; As well as wood reprocessing products, that is, various wood-based panels, glulam, etc., so that the wood industry formed an independent industrial system.

(2) The development trend of wood processing methods

1) Improve the comprehensive utilization rate of wood; At present, the comprehensive utilization rate of wood in China is about 60~ 65%, and foreign developed countries can generally reach 85~ 95%. Develop the wood-based panel industry, improve the service life of wood, strengthen logging, process the use of residual and waste wood and products, and promote the production technology of agricultural residual wood-based panels.

2) Improve processing accuracy and reduce wood loss;

3) Improve production efficiency and degree of automation and numerical control;

4) Develop flexible, integrated manufacturing processing systems and other manufacturing technologies, and develop innovative manufacturing technologies;

5) Environmental protection, energy saving, pollution-free