数控加工中 心各工序的精度要求，值得收藏！

精度是用来表示工件产品的精细程度，是评价加工表面几何参数的专用术语，也是衡量数控加工中 心性能的重要指标。一般情况下，加工精度用公差等级衡量，等级越低，精度越高。车、铣、刨、磨、钻、镗是数控加工中 心的常见加工形式，那么这些加工工序应达到多少的加工精度呢？实木五轴加工中心

1.车削精度

车削加工是指工件旋转，车刀在平面内作直线或曲线移动的切削加工，用以加工工件的内外圆柱面、端面、圆锥面、成型面和螺纹等。

车削加工的表面粗糙度为1.6—0.8μm。

粗车削要求在不降低切速的条件下，采用大切削深度和大进给量以提高车削效率，表面粗糙度要求为20-10um。

半精车和精车尽量采用高速而较小的进给量和切削深度，表面粗糙度为10-0.16um。

高精度车床上用精细修研的金刚石车刀，可以高速精车有色金属工件,表面粗糙度为0.04-0.01um，这种车削也被称为“镜面车削”。

2.铣削精度

铣削是指使用旋转的多刃刀具切削工件，是高 效率的加工方法。适于加工平面、沟槽以及各种花键、齿轮和螺纹模具等特殊形面的加工。

铣削的加工精度一般表面粗糙度为6.3—1.6μm。

粗铣时的表面粗糙度5—20μm。

半精铣时的表面粗糙度为2.5—10μm。

精铣时的表面粗糙度0.63—5μm。

3.刨削精度

刨削加工是用刨刀对工件作水平相对直线往复运动的切削加工方法，主要用于零件的外形加工。

刨削加工表面粗糙度为Ra6.3—1.6μm。

粗刨加工表面粗糙度为25—12.5μm。

半精刨加工表面粗糙度为6.2—3.2μm。

精刨加工表面粗糙度为3.2—1.6μm。

4.磨削精度

磨削是指用磨料，磨具切除工件上多余材料的加工方法，属于精加工在机械制造行业中应用比较广泛。

磨削通常用于半精加工和精加工，表面粗糙度一般磨削为1.25—0.16μm。精 密磨削表面粗糙度为0.16—0.04μm。

超精 密磨削表面粗糙度为0.04—0.01μm。

镜面磨削表面粗糙度可达0.01μm以下。

5.镗削

是一种用刀具扩大孔或其它圆形轮廓的内径切削工艺，其应用范围一般从半粗加工到精加工，所用刀具通常为单刃镗刀（称为镗杆）。

对钢铁材料的镗孔精度一般可达2.5—0.16μm。

精 密镗削的加工精度能达到0.63—0.08μm。 

实木五轴加工中心

Accuracy is used to indicate the fineness of the workpiece product, is a special term for evaluating the geometric parameters of the machining surface, and is also an important indicator for measuring the performance of CNC machining centers.Under normal circumstances, the machining accuracy is measured by the tolerance level. The lower the level, the higher the accuracy.Turning, milling, planing, grinding, drilling, and boring are common processing forms in CNC machining centers, so how much machining accuracy should these processing processes achieve?Solid wood five-axis machining center

1、Turning accuracy

Turning refers to the rotation of the workpiece, and the turning tool moves in a straight line or curve in the plane of the cutting process, which is used to process the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, end faces, conical surfaces, forming surfaces and threads of the workpiece.

The surface roughness of turning processing is 1.6-0.8µm.

Rough turning requires that without reducing the cutting speed, a large cutting depth and a large feed are used to improve the turning efficiency, and the surface roughness is required to be 20-10um.

Semi-precision vehicles and precision vehicles try to use high-speed and smaller feed and cutting depth as much as possible, with a surface roughness of 10-0.16um.

Finely-honed diamond turning tools are used on high-precision lathes to fine-tune non-ferrous metal workpieces at high speed, with a surface roughness of 0.04-0.01um. This kind of turning is also called “mirror turning.”

2.Milling accuracy

Milling refers to the use of rotating multi-edged tools to cut workpieces, which is a high-efficiency processing method.It is suitable for processing planes, grooves, and special-shaped surfaces such as various spline, gear, and thread molds.

The machining accuracy of milling is generally 6.3-1.6µm with surface roughness.

The surface roughness during rough milling is 5—20µm.

The surface roughness during semi-precision milling is 2.5—10µm.

The surface roughness during fine milling is 0.63—5µm.

3.Planing accuracy

Planing is a cutting method that uses a planer to reciprocate the horizontal and linear motion of the workpiece, which is mainly used for the shape processing of parts.

The roughness of the planing surface is Ra6.3-1.6µm.

The roughness of the rough planing surface is 25-12.5µm.

The surface roughness of semi-fine planing is 6.2-3.2µm.

The surface roughness of fine planing is 3.2-1.6µm.

4.Grinding accuracy

Grinding refers to the processing method of using abrasives and abrasives to remove excess materials from the workpiece. It belongs to finishing and is widely used in the machinery manufacturing industry.

Grinding is usually used for semi-finishing and finishing, and the surface roughness is generally 1.25-0.16µm.

The surface roughness of precision grinding is 0.16-0.04µm.

The surface roughness of ultra-precision grinding is 0.04-0.01µm.

The roughness of the mirror grinding surface can reach below 0.01µm.

5.Boring

It is a kind of inner diameter cutting process that uses tools to expand holes or other circular contours. Its application range generally ranges from semi-roughing to finishing. The tools used are usually single-edged boring tools (called boring bars).

The boring accuracy of steel materials can generally reach 2.5-0.16µm.

The machining accuracy of precision boring can reach 0.63-0.08µm. 

Solid wood five-axis machining center