数控机械厂讲解木工机械安 全知识大全

我们都知道机械总会有坏掉的一天，但是要是有定期的保养与维修以及正确的使用，则可以zui大限度的机械的寿命。

那么在机械的保养维修及使用上要注意些什么？

首先，配备专职或兼职的电器保养维修人员，定期对木工机械电器进行保养维修。木工机械电器对维修人员的专业水平要求较高，家具厂一般的电器人员对难度较大的机械电器维修还有一定困难。但可以在机器制造厂家的指导下，做好电器的日常保养和定期检修，随时排除木工机械电器使用过程中产生的事故隐患。

另外在机械使用的过程中，要科学估算机器电器功率，配置合理的电表容量。家具制造商在新增机器设备后一定要重新估算企业的耗电总容量，原有电器容量不够的一定要增容，不能等到机器出了故障再增容。光添设备不增加耗电容量，就等于埋下了电器灾险的隐患。

必 须定期检查电器线路，更换陈旧的线截面积不够的电缆线，保证机械电器使用的需要。在区域性电压稳定的情况下，单位内电压不稳可考虑更换电缆线；在区域性电压不稳的情况下要考虑增容并更换电缆线。

zui后要调节功率使用频率，合理利用电能。木工机械的耗电功率有大有小，在家具生产中要合理搭配功率大小不一的机械，保持单位时间内机械耗电功率的相对平衡。

随着家具制品的增加，木工机械的也在持续增长着，在机械保养维修上以及安 全使用上要注意了，不仅可以提高家具加工效率，还能有效的延长机械寿命。

要注意木工机械的定期修理，修理包括下面三个要点：

1.小修的工作

(1)局部拆卸已遭严重磨损或损坏的零．构件；

(2)清洗被拆卸的零、构件，进行修理或更换；

(3)检验主轴、刀轴或锯轴，必要时加以修理：

(4)易损件如轴承、导向装镫和其它摩擦表面的修整或更换；

(5)工作台、刀架．导尺等工作表面的修整；

(6)操纵机构、电气联锁装置．开关和定位器的检验和调整；

(7)液压系统及润滑装置的调整和修理，更换油液：

(8)传动件的配合精度的检验、弹簧张紧度的调节以及刀架均匀性和工作台移动的调节：

(9)保护装置、吸尘装置的检查和调整；

(10)机床空载试车，检验噪音及渝升，工件精度的检查。

2.中修的工作内容

(1)拆卸全部零、部件进行清洗和拭净；

(2)更换易损件，修理主轴、刀轴或锯轴；

(3)修整工怍台、导向装置及摩擦表面；

(4)修理液压和润滑设备，更换油液； 

(5)更换传动件，装配机床；

(6)修理防护装置；

(7)按照技术要求，检验机床和制品的精度及光洁度；

(8)空载运转，检查噪音及温升；

(9)机床外表喷涂油漆；

(10)恢复标记、标线．刻度和其它标志。

3.大修

一般情况是从基础上拆下，整台机床在机修车间进行维修。对大型带锯机可在制材车间大修。

(1)机床全部拆开。进行清洗、拭净，检查所有零部件；

(2)更换磨损的刨刀轴及圆锯、铣床、钻床、木工车床等主轴；

(3)更换磨损的滚动轴承．轴套及轴瓦；

(4)更换磨损的齿轮、链轮及离合器等；

( 5 ) 更换磨损的传动轴、丝杼及联轴器：

( 6 ) 更换磨损的紧固件，如螺栓、键 销等；

( 7 ) 更换磨损的皮带，链条及其它零件；

( 8 ) 更换孵损的压板和斜铁；

( 9 ) 修理对刀装置．调整表示切削厚度的标尺；

( 10 ) 刨削或修括所有导轨顽，修复或更换工作/.面；

( 11 ) 修理液压系统和润滑装置，更换油液及润滑剂；

( 12) 修理防护装置及吸尘管道；

( 13 ) 机床的装配和调整，调节刀架和支架行程的平滑性及校正操纵机构；

( 14 ) 检查并校正大毯机床的基础，如大带锯：

( 15 ) 进行空转及负衍试验，按照技术要求检验删工件的精度发光浩腹；

( 16 ) 非工作表面喷涂油漆：

( 17 ) 恢复标记、标线、刻度及其它标志。

对于般木工机床的修理周期结构，大中小修之比可采用1:9:6及在中删定期检查18次。当然，修理周期结构是在实践中不断调整，以取得zui佳效果。

木工机械安 全操作大全

1、无安 全防护装置或失效的机械不得使用。

2、操作木工机械时严禁戴手套，并应扎紧袖口，理好衣角，扣好衣扣，女同志必 须戴工作帽，长发不得外露。

3、加工的木料不得有钉子、铁丝、铰链及石、砂等杂物，否则应预先彻 底清除。

4、带有裂缝（斜层）和节疤的材料，进料时不要太快，并尽可能使手离开切削工具远一些。

5、搬运木料应注意前后、左右有无人及障碍物等；堆放较高木料时，须用扒钉钉牢，以防发生事故。

6、用铁钩吊运木材时，应将铁钩插入木材内，，不得钩在木材表面。以防木材掉下来造成事故。

7、工作场所严禁烟火，并设置必要的消防器材；吸烟和熬胶应在指定地点，熬完胶后应将余火彻 底熄灭，否则熬胶地点不准离人。

8、工作完成后，应切断电源，并将刨花、木屑等用扫帚打扫干净，不准用手直接揩擦。

手压刨

1、刨料时，两腿前后叉开，保持身体稳定，并须双手持料；刨大面时，手只许按在料的上面；刨小面时，可以按在料的上半部。手指必 须离开刨口3cm以上；按在料上的手经过刨口时，用力要轻。

2.大平刨刨木料厚度不得小于1.5cm，长度不得小于20cm（木板）；30cm（模头）。小平刨刨木料厚度不得小于1cm，长度不得小于15cm（木板）；20cm（模头）。刨削不满1.5cm厚、不足80cm长和不到30cm宽的木料，一律用推板和推棍推进，禁止用手推进。

3.每次刨削量不得超过1.5mm，被刨的木料必 须紧贴靠山；小料和薄料必 须使用安 全扒手或压板推进；刨立面料时，防止翻倒割手。

4.刨旧料时，必 须先将料上的钉子、灰垢、冰雪等清除干净。

5.刨料前进的速度，必 须保持均匀，严禁猛推猛拉；如木料有节疤或戗槎时，必 须降低速度，严禁手指按在木节上操作。

6.木料将要刨到头时，手必 须移到刨刃的前面，禁止由前面往回推料或带料，必 须将料提起退回，防止刀刃割手或木料崩出伤人。

7.两人操作时，必 须配合一致，待木料进或退过刨口20cm后，下手方可接料，接料后不准猛拉。

8.活动式的台面要调整切削量时，必 须切断电源和停止运转后，才能进行调整；严禁在转动时进行调整，以防台面与刨刃接触，造成飞刀事故。

9.刨刃与刨床口的间隙不可过大（一般不超过3mm为宜），刨刃必 须保持锋利，以免因有木节或戗槎等时，被刨刃反拨退回而发生事故。

打眼机

1、操作前，须调整床架和卡具，保持台面平稳，卡具灵活，钻头正直。

2.卡料要卡紧、卡正，打眼不可偏斜。

3.打眼时，开始要稳，然后均匀加速，将要穿透时，要轻压手把，遇有节疤时要慢慢压下去，切不可猛压。

4.操作中，如凿芯被木渣挤塞或因猛压而使机器转动缓慢和眼中冒烟时，应立即抬起手把。

5.打眼钻出的木屑，应使用工具清理，严禁用手。

开繀机

1、操作时严禁正面对着刨刃、刨片，以防刀具甩出伤人。

2.操作时必 须将压料杆压紧木料，待加工完后方可松动；卸料时手指不要靠近刨刀。

3.进料开始时要缓缓推进，然后加快，不得猛推猛撞；遇有节疤时要适当降低进料速度。

4.更换刀具时，必 须将螺栓拧紧，防护罩和防护板也应盖好。

裁口机

除遵守手压刨安 全和技术操作规程中的有关规定外，还应遵守下列各项。

1、操作手推式裁口机，必 须切实按紧，左手按压，右手推进，两手躲开刀具；特别是加工窄板，更应注意。

2.送料时要慢慢推进，不可用力猛推，遇有较大节疤时，应适当降低进料速度。

3.木料将要刨或锯到头时，应将手移到刨马或锯片的前面，并不得由前向后拖；短小木料，不得用手推送，应用压板工具送料。

4.用锯片裁口时，须拿牢已裁下的木料，以防窜出伤人。

5.刀架刨刀螺丝必 须拧紧，以防刀片飞出伤人。

圆盘锯

1、操作者应戴好防护眼镜，防止木屑飞溅到眼睛内。

2.开锯前应检查锯片有否断齿和裂口，如果发现锯片出现裂缝，可在裂缝尽端钻一小孔，来阻止裂缝继续发展。

3.锯料应站在锯片稍左的位置，切不可站在与锯片同一直线上，以防木料弹出伤人。

4.锯料时不可摆动或高抬木料，送料不得用力过猛。

5.锯料将到头时，不得用手去推按；木料露出锯口，尚未出锯口时，接料人不得用手拉，以防手被卷入锯内。

6.如有节疤木料，应尽量将节疤在前面先锯以防木料将要锯完时遇节疤而锯片跳动或弹回伤人，发生事故。

7.加工短小木料时，应用木接手推料；截长料时，应有两人操作，动作要一致。

8.超过锯片半径的木料，禁止在园盘锯或吊断锯上断料；拉吊断锯时，操作者应站在侧面，切不可站在与锯片同一直线上，以免锯片碎裂飞出伤人，同时扶料的手应离开锯口25cm以上，以保证安 全生产。

9.木料卡住锯片时，应立即停车；锯片未停稳前，不得伸手去触摸。

10.车停后，锯片仍在转动时，不得用木料塞住锯齿或用木料顶住锯片侧面等方法强使其停止。

11.锯台上碎木、锯屑不准用手清理，应用木棒或其它工具。

挫刨锯

1、拆取成捆的锯条时，应用脚踩紧锯条头，并须轻放，以防锯条回卷伤人。

2.锯条挂架应高于一般人的高度，设在无人行走和操作的地方。

3.锯条放入挂架时，锯齿面应向上；取放、翻锯条时，应注意前后，以免伤人。

4.砂轮机砂轮应经常保持圆滑、平正，并应设有可靠的防护罩，工作时人应站在砂轮的侧面。

5.锉锯往下放砂轮时，人不准对着砂轮，应找好距离轻放，并应戴好防护镜，以防砂轮伤人。

6.压锯条时，应将锯条压均匀，并注意有无裂口。

7.接锯条时应接合严密，如不合格应立即重接，严防锯条上锯转动时发生断裂。

8.锯条锉好后，应严格检查是否有裂口、斜牙等现象；如锯条裂口时，不得超过锯面的1／10，否则应截断重接。

9.锯条掉牙不得超过三个，接头部分不得少牙，接头处应平滑均匀厚薄一致。

10.已坏的锯条、锯片应堆放在一定的地方，不许随便乱放。

买木工机械的朋友们，可以点击加粗字体--智拓数控

We all know that machinery will always break down one day, but if there is regular maintenance and repair and correct use, you can maximize the life of the machine.

So what should we pay attention to in the maintenance and use of machinery?

First of all, equipped with full-time or part-time electrical maintenance and repair personnel, regular maintenance and repair of woodworking machinery electrical appliances. Woodworking machinery and electrical appliances have high requirements for the professional level of maintenance personnel, and the general electrical personnel of furniture factories have certain difficulties in the maintenance of machinery and electrical appliances. However, under the guidance of the machine manufacturer, the daily maintenance and regular maintenance of electrical appliances can be done, and the hidden dangers of accidents generated during the use of woodworking machinery and electrical appliances can be eliminated at any time.

In addition, in the process of mechanical use, it is necessary to scientifically estimate the power of the machine electrical appliances and configure a reasonable meter capacity. Furniture manufacturers must re-estimate the total power consumption capacity of the enterprise after the addition of machinery and equipment, the original electrical capacity is not enough must be increased, and can not wait until the machine fails to increase capacity. Light adding equipment does not increase the power consumption capacity, which is equivalent to burying the hidden danger of electrical disaster.

It is necessary to check the electrical circuit regularly, replace the old cable line with insufficient cross-sectional area, and ensure the use of mechanical electrical needs. In the case of regional voltage stability, the unit voltage instability can be considered to replace the cable line; In the case of regional voltage instability, it is necessary to consider adding capacity and replacing the cable.

After the most, we should adjust the frequency of power use and make reasonable use of electric energy. The power consumption of woodworking machinery is large and small, and the machinery with different power sizes should be reasonably matched in furniture production to maintain the relative balance of mechanical power consumption per unit time.

With the increase of furniture products, woodworking machinery is also continuing to grow, in the mechanical maintenance and safety of the use of attention, not only can improve the efficiency of furniture processing, but also effectively extend the life of machinery.

Pay attention to the regular repair of woodworking machinery, including the following three points:

1. Minor repairs

(1) Partial disassembly has been severely worn or damaged zero. Components;

(2) Clean the dismantled components and components for repair or replacement;

(3) Check the spindle, cutter shaft or saw shaft, and repair it if necessary:

(4) Dressing or replacement of wearing parts such as bearings, guide stirrups and other friction surfaces;

(5) Workbench, tool holder. Trimming of working surface such as guide ruler;

(6) Control mechanism, electrical interlocking device. Check and adjust switches and positioners;

(7) Adjustment and repair of hydraulic system and lubrication device, replacement of oil:

(8) The test of the matching accuracy of the transmission parts, the adjustment of the spring tension, and the adjustment of the uniformity of the tool rest and the movement of the table:

(9) Inspection and adjustment of protection devices and dust collection devices;

(10) no-load test of machine tools, inspection of noise and Chongqing, inspection of workpiece accuracy.

2. Work content of intermediate repair

(1) Disassemble all parts and components for cleaning and wiping;

(2) Replace wearing parts, repair spindle, cutter shaft or saw shaft;

(3) Trimming the work platform, guide device and friction surface;

(4) Repair hydraulic and lubrication equipment, replace the oil;

(5) Replace transmission parts and assemble machine tools;

(6) Repair protective devices;

(7) Check the accuracy and finish of machine tools and products according to technical requirements;

(8) No-load operation, check noise and temperature rise;

(9) Machine tool surface spraying paint;

(10) Restore marking and marking. Scales and other marks.

3. Overhaul

Generally, it is removed from the foundation, and the whole machine tool is repaired in the machine repair shop. Large band saws can be overhauled in the lumber workshop.

(1) The machine tool is completely disassembled. Clean, wipe, check all parts;

(2) Replace the worn planer shaft and the spindle of circular saw, milling machine, drilling machine, woodworking lathe, etc.

(3) Replace the worn rolling bearing. Bearing sleeve and bearing shell;

(4) Replace worn gears, sprockets and clutches;

(5) Replace the worn drive shaft, thread and coupling:

(6) Replace worn fasteners, such as bolts, keys, etc.;

(7) Replace worn belts, chains and other parts;

(8) Replacement of hatched-damaged pressure plates and inclined iron;

(9) Repair the tool setting device. Adjust the scale indicating the cutting thickness;

(10) Planing or repairing all guide rails, repairing or replacing work/surfaces;

(11) Repair hydraulic systems and lubrication devices, replace oil and lubricants;

(12) Repair protective devices and vacuum pipes;

(13) Assembly and adjustment of machine tools, adjustment of the smoothness of the tool rest and support stroke and correction of the control mechanism;

(14) Check and revise the foundation of the carpet machine, such as the large band saw:

(15) Carry out idling and negative derivative tests to check the accuracy of the deleted workpiece according to the technical requirements;

(16) Non-working surface spray paint:

(17) Restore marks, marks, scales and other marks.

For the repair cycle structure of general woodworking machine tools, the ratio of large and small repair can be used 1:9:6 and regular inspection 18 times in the middle. Of course, the repair cycle structure is constantly adjusted in practice to achieve the best results.

Safety operation of woodworking machinery

1, no safety protection device or failure of machinery shall not be used.

2, the operation of woodworking machinery is strictly prohibited to wear gloves, and should tie the cuffs, arrange the corner, buckle the buckle, lesbian must wear a cap, long hair must not be exposed.

3, the processed wood must not have nails, iron wire, hinges and stone, sand and other debris, otherwise it should be cleared in advance.

4, with cracks (inclined layer) and knot materials, do not feed too fast, and as far as possible to make the hand away from the cutting tool.

5, handling wood should pay attention to before and after, left and right there are no people and obstacles; When stacking tall timber, it must be nailed securely to prevent accidents.

6. When using iron hooks to lift wood, the iron hooks should be inserted into the wood, and should not be hooked on the surface of the wood. In case the wood falls and causes an accident.

7, the workplace is strictly prohibited fireworks, and set up the necessary fire equipment; Smoking and glue should be in the designated place, after the glue should be thoroughly extinguished, otherwise the glue boiling place is not allowed to leave people.

8, after the work is completed, the power should be cut off, and the shavings, wood chips, etc. are cleaned with a broom, and are not allowed to wipe directly with the hand.

Hand plane

1. When planing, spread your legs before and after, keep your body stable, and hold the material with both hands; When planing, the hand is only allowed to press on the top of the material; When planing small surfaces, you can press on the top half of the material. Fingers must be at least 3cm away from the planing edge; When the hand on the material passes through the plane, the force should be light.

2. The thickness of the planing wood shall not be less than 1.5cm, and the length shall not be less than 20cm (wood); 30cm (die head). Planing wood thickness shall not be less than 1cm, length shall not be less than 15cm (wood); 20cm (die head). Planing wood less than 1.5cm thick, less than 80cm long and less than 30cm wide shall be pushed with a pushing board and a pushing rod, and hand propulsion is prohibited.

3. The amount of each planing shall not exceed 1.5mm, and the wood to be planed must be close to the backrest; Small and thin materials must be pushed with safety pickpockets or pressure plates; When planing the fabric, prevent tipping and cutting hands.

4. When planing the old material, it is necessary to remove the nails, dirt, ice and snow on the material first.

5. The speed of planing forward must be maintained evenly, and it is strictly prohibited to push and pull; If the wood has knots or berths, the speed must be reduced, and fingers must not be pressed on the knot.

6. When the wood is going to be planed to the head, the hand must be moved to the front of the planing blade, it is forbidden to push the material back or bring the material, and the material must be lifted back to prevent the blade from cutting the hand or the wood from breaking out.

7. When two people operate, they must be consistent, wait for the wood to enter or retreat 20cm after the planing, the hand can receive the material, and do not yank after receiving the material.

8, the movable table to adjust the cutting amount, must be cut off the power and stop running, in order to adjust; It is strictly forbidden to adjust during rotation to prevent the table from contacting with the planer blade, resulting in a flying knife accident.

9. The gap between the planer edge and the planer mouth should not be too large (generally not more than 3mm is appropriate), the planer edge must be kept sharp, so as to avoid accidents caused by the planer edge being pushed back when there are wood joints or berths.

Eyelet punch

1, before operation, it is necessary to adjust the bed frame and fixtures, keep the table smooth, flexible fixtures, drill integrity.

2. The card material should be stuck tightly and correctly, and the hole should not be deflected.

3. When drilling, start to be steady, and then accelerate evenly. When you are about to penetrate, gently press the handle, slowly press down when there is a knot, and do not press hard.

4. During operation, if the chisel core is jammed with wood slag or the machine rotates slowly and smoke in the eye due to heavy pressure, the handle should be lifted immediately.

5. The wood chips drilled out of holes should be cleaned with tools, strictly prohibited by hand.

Open 繀

1. It is strictly prohibited to face the planer blade and planer blade during operation to prevent the knife from hurling.

2. The press rod must be pressed tightly to the wood during operation, and can be loosened after processing; Keep your fingers away from the planer when unloading.

3. The feed should be pushed slowly at the beginning, and then accelerated, and should not be pushed and crashed; In case of knots, the feed speed should be reduced appropriately.

4. When replacing the tool, the bolt must be tightened, and the protective cover and protective plate should also be covered.

slitter

In addition to complying with the relevant provisions of the safety and technical operating procedures, the following should be observed.

1, the operation of hand push cutting machine, must be firmly pressed, left hand press, right hand push, two hands avoid the knife; In particular, the processing of narrow plates should be paid more attention.

2. When feeding, it is necessary to push slowly, not to push hard. When there is a large knot, the feeding speed should be appropriately reduced.

3. When the wood is going to be planed or sawed to the head, the hand should be moved to the front of the planer or saw blade, and should not be dragged from front to back; Short wood, can not be pushed by hand, the application of the plate tool feed.

4. When cutting with saw blade, hold the cut wood firmly to prevent injury.

5. The tool holder planer screw must be tightened to prevent the blade from flying out and hurting people.

Disc saw

1, the operator should wear protective glasses to prevent wood chips from splashing into the eyes.

2. Before sawing, check whether the saw blade has broken teeth and cracks. If the saw blade is found to have cracks, drill a small hole at the end of the crack to prevent the crack from continuing to develop.

3. Saw material should stand in the slightly left position of the saw blade, and must not stand in the same straight line with the saw blade to prevent the wood from popping out and hurting people.

4. Do not swing or lift the wood when sawing, and do not use too much force to feed the material.

5. When the saw material is coming to the end, do not push it with your hand; When the wood is exposed to the saw, and the saw is not yet out, the receiving person shall not pull by hand to prevent the hand from being involved in the saw.

6. If there is knotted wood, the knotted wood should be sawed in front of it as far as possible to prevent the wood from meeting the knotted wood when the saw blade is about to be sawed and the saw blade is jumping or bouncing back, causing injuries and accidents.

7. When processing short wood, use wood hand to push material; When cutting the length of the material, there should be two people to operate, and the action should be consistent.

8. For wood exceeding the radius of the saw blade, it is forbidden to cut the material on the circular saw or the lifting saw; When pulling the saw, the operator should stand on the side, must not stand in the same straight line with the saw blade, so as to avoid the saw blade breaking and flying out of injury, and the hand of the material should leave the saw edge more than 25cm to ensure safe production.

9. Stop the saw immediately when the wood is stuck; Do not reach out to touch the saw blade before it is stopped.

10. After the car is stopped, when the saw blade is still turning, it shall not be forced to stop by plugging the sawtooth with wood or using wood to hold the side of the saw blade.

11. No hand cleaning of wood and sawdust on the saw table. Use wooden sticks or other tools.

File saw

1. When removing bundles of saw blades, tighten the saw blade head with your foot and put it gently to prevent the saw blade from rolling back and hurting people.

2. The saw blade hanger should be higher than the height of the average person and located in the place where no one walks and operates.

3. When the saw blade is put into the hanger, the sawtooth face should be upward; When taking and turning the saw blade, pay attention to the front and back, so as not to hurt people.

4. The grinding wheel should always be smooth and flat, and should have a reliable protective cover, and the person should stand on the side of the grinding wheel when working.

5. When filing saw to lower the grinding wheel, people are not allowed to face the grinding wheel, should find a good distance gently, and should wear protective goggles to prevent the grinding wheel hurt.

6. When pressing the saw blade, the saw blade should be pressed evenly, and pay attention to whether there are cracks.

7. When the saw blade is connected, it should be tightly engaged. If it is unqualified, it should be re-connected immediately to prevent breakage when the saw blade is rotated.

8. After the saw blade is filed, it should be strictly checked whether there are cracks, oblique teeth and other phenomena; If the saw blade is cracked, it should not exceed 1/10 of the saw face, otherwise it should be cut and reconnected.

9. The saw blade shall not lose more than three teeth, the joint part shall not have less teeth, and the joint shall be smooth and uniform in thickness.

10. The broken saw blade and saw blade should be stacked in a certain place, and not allowed to be carelessly placed.

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