CNC加工中 心操作经验汇集，总结的很全！

在模具工厂，CNC加工中 心主要用于模仁、镶件等模具关键件及铜公等加工。模仁、镶件的质量，直接决定着模具成型部分的质量。而铜公加工质量直接约束着EDM加工影响。对于CNC加工质量的保证，关键在于加工前的准备，就本岗位而言，除要具有丰富的加工经验和模具知识外，在工作中也要注意良好沟通，特别是和制作组、同事的沟通。实木五轴加工中心

01 NC加工的流程

1）阅读图纸、程序单

2）将相应程序传输至机床

3）检查程序头，切削参数等

4）工件上工序加工尺寸、余量的确定

5）工件的合理装夹

6）工件的精 确找正

7）工件坐标的精 确建立

8）合理刀具、切削参数的选取

9）刀具的合理装夹

10）安 全的试切方式

11）加工过程的观测

12）切削参数的调整

13）加工过程中问题与相应人员的及时反馈

14）加工结束后工件质量的检测

02 加工前的注意事项实木五轴加工中心

1）对于新模，加工图要符合要求，且数据清楚；新模的加工图要有主管的签名，加工图的各栏已填写。

2）工件有品质部的合格标识。

3）接到程序单后，核对工件基准位与图纸基准位是否相一致。

4）看清楚程序单上的每一项要求，确认程式与图纸的要求是否一致，如有问题，必 须同编程师及制作组一起解决问题。实木五轴加工中心

5）根据工件的材料及其大小，判断编程师开粗或光刀程序选用刀具之合理性，若发现刀具应用不合理，应立即通知编程师作出相应改动，以便提高加工效率及工件加工精度。

03 装夹工件的注意事项

1）在夹持工件时，要注意码仔的位置及压板上螺帽螺栓的伸出长度适中，另外在锁角仔时螺丝不可顶底。

2）铜公一般为锁板加工，上机前应对照程序单上的开料数确保相符，同时应检查收板螺丝是否收紧。

3）对于一板收多块铜料的情况，应检查方向是否正确，各铜料加工时是否干涉。

4）根据程序单之图形状以及工件尺寸之数据进行收夹工件，必 须注意：工件尺寸数据的写法为XxYxZ， 同时，若有散件图者，须核对程序单的图形与散件图的图形是否相符，注意哪个方向向出，以及X，Y轴的摆法。

5）装夹工件时必 须核对工件尺寸是否符合程序单的尺寸要求，有散件图的须核对程序单的尺寸与散件图的尺寸是否相同。

6）工件上机前应清洁工作台及工件底部。机床台面及工件面应用油石推掉毛边及碰坏的位置。

7）码码仔时，确保码仔不会被刀碰伤，必要时可与编程师沟通。同时，如果底部垫正方，则码仔必 须对准垫正方之位置，以达到受力均衡之目的。

8）使用虎钳装夹，必 须了解刀具加工深度，以防被夹位置过长或过短。

9）螺丝必 须收入T型块内，不得只用一部份螺纹，如需接驳螺丝时，上下螺丝必 须各用一半接头的螺纹，压板上螺帽的螺纹必 须完全使用，不得只收几牙螺纹。

10）定Z深度数时要看清程序单碰数之位置，以及Z至高点的数据，输好数据入机床后，须再核对一次。

04 装夹刀具的注意事项

1）具要装夹牢靠，不可于刀柄中过短。

2）每次索刀前都应检查刀具是否符合要求，索刀长度都应根据程序单指示之加工深度确定，一般应略长于加工深度值2mm并要考虑刀柄是否碰撞。

3）遇到加工深度很深的情况可以与编程师沟通，酌情采用两次索刀的办法，即先索得一半至2/3的长度，待加工到较深位置时再索得长些，这样可提高加工效率。

4）使用加长索咀时，尤其应了解下刀深度、所需刀长等数据。

5）刀头安装上机前，其锥度配合位置，应用清洁布抹干净，机床刀套的相应位置亦同样清洁，避免配合面有铁屑影响精度及损坏机床。

6）通常对刀具长度采用刀尖对刀方式（特殊情况用刀中对刀的情况），对刀时应仔细核对程序单指示。

7）当程式中断或再行必 须重新对刀时，应注意深度是否能与前面相接，一般情况下可先行调高0.1mm行，然后根据情况再作调整。

8）旋转收拆式的刀头，如采用水溶性切削液，应每半月用润滑油浸数小时作保养，可使刀头内部机件有润滑不致磨损。

05 校正找正工件的注意事项

1）工件拖表时必 须注意垂直度，一边拖平，再去拖垂直边。

2）工件分中时，必 须分中两次进行验证。

3）分中碰数后，应根据程序单提供之外形尺寸及散件图上之尺寸进行核对中位。

4）所有工件必  须使用分中方式分中，零位在工件边亦须用分中方式分中后再移到边上，必 

   须确保两边余量一致。如特殊情况必 须单边取数时，必 须再次获得制作组确认才可通过。单边取数完，紧记补偿回分中棒的半径。

5）工件中 心的零位输入必 须与工作站电脑图三轴中 心相同。

06 加工过程注意事项

1）在工件顶面余量过大，用大刀手工锣去余量时，切记不要锣深。

2）加工zui重要为第 一刀，因如果小心操作和核对便可得知刀长补、刀径补、程式、转速等等是否错误，避免损坏工件、刀具及机床。

3）按照以下的方式试切程序：

a）第 一点高度为zui高升高100mm，用眼去感觉是否正确；

b）控制“快移”调至百分之25及进给调至百分之0；

c）当刀具接近(约10mm)加工面时，将机暂停；

d）检查剩余行程及程式是否正确；

e）再次开机后，一手放在暂停掣上，准备随时停机，另一手控制进给速度；

f）当刀具十分接近工件面时可再停止，必 须一定要核对Z轴的剩余行程。

g）待加工切削行顺及稳定后，再将各控制调回正常状态。

4）输入程式名称后，用笔抄回屏上的程式名称，再与程序单进行核对，打开程式时，注意检查程序中的刀径大小是否与程序单相符，并在程序单上加工员签署栏中即时填写出档案名称与刀径大小，禁止事后或事前填写。

5）原则上在工件开粗时NC技工不得离开，如遇换刀或协助调较其他机床等，必 须离开之情况时，须请其它NC组员或定时回来察看。

6）做中光时，NC技工应特别注意开粗时没有开到之处，防止刀具撞向此区域。

7）程序剪切。如遇程序在加工中发生中断而从头行过又浪费太多时间，应通知组长及编程师修改程序，剪去已行过部分。

8）程序异常。若遇程序出现异状况，且无把握时，可以吊高来行以观察其过程，然后决定下一步动作。

9）加工过程中编程师提供的行速和转速，NC技工可依情况酌情调节。但应特别注意小件铜公开粗时行速不能开快，以避免因振荡而导致工件松动。

10）工件加工过程中，NC技工应与散件图进行核对，看是否有异常况，一旦发现两者不吻合，必 须立即停机通知小组负责人，核对是否有错误存在。

11）当采用超过200mm长刀具加工时，必 须注意余量及进刀深度转速、行速等问题，以避免荡刀，同时转角位的行速更应予以控制。

12）对于程序单上要求检测刀具直径的，操作员必 须认真负责，同时将测试之直径予以记录，超出公差范围的，应立即反映给小组负责人或换刀。

13）机床在自动操作或有空时，操作员应到工作站了解余下加工编程情况，准备及研磨好适当的刀具给下一加工备用，以免停机发生。

14）工艺失误是做成浪费时间的主要原因：错误运用不合适之刀具、加工先后安排失误、浪费时间在无需加工或非电脑加工的位置、使用不当的加工条件(转速太慢、走空刀、刀路太密、进给太慢等等 )，上述事件发生时可于编程等联系。

15）加工过程中，必 须注意刀具的磨损情况，应适当的更换刀粒或刀具，更换刀粒后，注意加工的相接边界是否吻合。

07 加工完毕注意事项

1）确认已做完程序单所要求的每条程序及每项指示。

2）加工完成后，必 须检查工件之外形是否符合要求，同时根据散件图或工艺图进行工件尺寸自检，以及时发现失误。

3）查看工件的各个位置有无异常，如有疑问，需通知NC组长。

4）较大工件下机需通知小组负责人、编程师及制作组长。

5）工件下机时注意安 全，尤其较大工件下机时应做好工件及NC机的保护。

08 对加工精度要求的区分对待

精光的表面质量：

1）模仁、镶块

2）铜公

3）顶针板撑头孔等处避空位

4）消除震刀纹现象

精光的尺寸：

1）可测量尺寸要严格执行加工后自检

2）长时间加工时要考虑刀具的损耗，特别是封胶位等走批锋处

3）精光应尽可能使用新硬质合金刀具

4）视加工要求确定精光后的省模量

5）加工后制作、品质等质量的确认

6）视加工要求控制封胶位加工时的刀具损耗

09 接交班

1）确认上班次的作业情况，包括加工情况，模具情况等。

2）确认上班次设备工作是否正常。

3）其他交接与确认，包括图纸、程序单、刀具、量具、夹具等。

10 工作场所的整理

1）按照5S要求执行。

2）刀具、量具、夹具、工件、工具等分类摆放整齐。

3）机床的清洁。

4）工作场所地面的清洁。

5）已加工刀具、闲置工具、量具的回仓。

6）已加工工件送品检或相应部门。

In the mold factory, the CNC processing center is mainly used for the processing of key mold parts such as mold cores and inserts, as well as copper male and so on.The quality of the mold core and inserts directly determines the quality of the molded part of the mold.The processing quality of copper male directly restricts the influence of EDM processing.The key to ensuring the quality of CNC machining lies in the preparation before processing. As far as this position is concerned, in addition to having rich processing experience and mold knowledge, we must also pay attention to good communication at work, especially with the production team and colleagues. Communication.Solid wood five-axis machining center

01 NC processing process

1) Read the drawings and program sheets

2) Transfer the corresponding program to the machine tool

3) Check the program head, cutting parameters, etc.

4) Determination of the machining size and margin on the workpiece

5) Reasonable clamping of workpieces

6) Accurate correction of the workpiece

7) Accurate establishment of workpiece coordinates

8) Reasonable selection of tools and cutting parameters

9) Reasonable clamping of tools

10) Safe trial cutting method

11) Observation of the processing process

12) Adjustment of cutting parameters

13) Timely feedback on problems and corresponding personnel during processing

14) Inspection of the quality of the workpiece after the processing is over

02 Precautions before processing Solid wood five-axis machining center

1) For the new mold, the processing drawing must meet the requirements and the data is clear; the processing drawing of the new mold must be signed by the supervisor, and the fields of the processing drawing have been filled in.

2) The workpiece has the qualified mark of the quality department.

3) After receiving the program order, check whether the reference position of the workpiece is consistent with the reference position of the drawing.

4) Read every requirement on the program list clearly, and confirm whether the program is consistent with the requirements of the drawing. If there is a problem, you must work with the programmer and the production team to solve the problem.Solid wood five-axis machining center

5) According to the material of the workpiece and its size, judge the rationality of the programmer's selection of tools for roughing or light knife procedures. If the tool application is found to be unreasonable, the programmer should be notified immediately to make corresponding changes in order to improve the processing efficiency and the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

03 Precautions for clamping workpieces

1) When clamping the workpiece, pay attention to the position of the bit and the extension length of the nut bolt on the pressure plate is moderate. In addition, the screw should not be top-bottom when locking the corner.

2) Tong Gong is generally processed as a lock plate. Before boarding the machine, the number of cuts on the program list should be ensured to be consistent, and at the same time, check whether the closing screws are tightened.

3) For the case of receiving multiple pieces of copper material on one board, check whether the direction is correct and whether each copper material interferes during processing.

4) To clamp the workpiece according to the graphic shape of the program sheet and the data of the workpiece size, it must be noted: the writing method of the workpiece size data is XxYxZ. At the same time, if there is a part drawing, you must check whether the graphics of the program sheet are consistent with the graphics of the part drawing, pay attention to which direction is out, and the pendulum of the X and Y axes.

5) When clamping the workpiece, it is necessary to check whether the size of the workpiece meets the size requirements of the program sheet. If there is a part drawing, it is necessary to check whether the size of the program sheet is the same as the size of the part drawing.

6) The workbench and the bottom of the workpiece should be cleaned before the workpiece is loaded on the machine.The machine tool countertop and workpiece surface apply oilstone to push off the burrs and broken positions.

7) When coding code Zai, make sure that code Zai will not be bruised by a knife, and communicate with the programmer if necessary.At the same time, if the bottom pad is square, the code boy must be aligned with the position of the pad to achieve the purpose of force equalization.

8) When using a vise to clamp, you must understand the machining depth of the tool to prevent the clamping position from being too long or too short.

9) The screw must be included in the T-block, and only one part of the thread must be used. If the screw needs to be connected, the upper and lower screws must each use half of the joint thread, and the thread of the nut on the pressure plate must be completely used, and only a few threads must not be accepted.

10) When setting the number of Z depth, you must clearly see the position of the number of touches in the program list, as well as the data of the highest point of Z. After entering the data into the machine tool, you must check it again.

04 Precautions for clamping tools

1) The tool should be clamped firmly and not too short in the handle.

2) Check whether the tool meets the requirements before each tool rigging. The length of the tool rigging should be determined according to the processing depth indicated in the program list. Generally, it should be slightly longer than the processing depth value of 2mm and consider whether the tool holder collides.

3) If you encounter a deep processing depth, you can communicate with the programmer, and use the method of twice-cutting the knife as appropriate, that is, first half to 2/3 of the length, and then longer when it is processed to a deeper position, which can improve the processing efficiency.

4) When using an extended cable nozzle, you should especially understand the data such as the depth of cutting and the length of the knife required.

5) Before the cutter head is installed on the machine, the taper matching position should be wiped clean with a cleaning cloth, and the corresponding position of the tool sleeve of the machine tool should also be cleaned to avoid iron shavings on the mating surface that affect the accuracy and damage the machine tool.

6) The tip-to-knife method is usually used for the length of the tool (in special cases, the knife is used in the case of the knife), and the instructions in the program sheet should be carefully checked when the knife is used.

7) When the program is interrupted or the knife must be re-aligned again, attention should be paid to whether the depth can be in contact with the front. Under normal circumstances, the line can be raised by 0.1mm first, and then adjusted according to the situation.

8) For rotating and detachable tool heads, if water-soluble cutting fluid is used, it should be immersed in lubricating oil for several hours every half month for maintenance, so that the internal parts of the tool head can be lubricated and will not wear out.

05 Precautions for correcting and correcting workpieces

1) When dragging the workpiece, you must pay attention to the verticality, flatten one side, and then drag the vertical side.

2) When the workpiece is divided, it must be verified twice.

3) After dividing the number of touches, the center position should be checked according to the dimensions provided in the program sheet and the dimensions on the parts drawing.

4) All workpieces must be divided in the dividing method, and the zero position on the edge of the workpiece must also be divided in the dividing method before being moved to the edge.

It is necessary to ensure that the margin on both sides is consistent.If it is necessary to take the number unilaterally under special circumstances, it must be confirmed by the production team again before it can be passed.After taking the number on one side, remember to compensate for the radius of the rod in the return.

5) The zero input in the center of the workpiece must be the same as the three-axis center of the workstation computer diagram.

06 Precautions during processing

1) The margin on the top surface of the workpiece is too large. When using a large knife to remove the margin by hand, remember not to gong deeply.

2) Processing zui is important as the first tool, because if you operate and check carefully, you can know whether the tool length, tool diameter, program, speed, etc. are wrong, so as to avoid damage to the workpiece, tool and machine tool.

3) Try the cutting procedure in the following ways：

a) The first point of height is 100mm higher than the zui height, use your eyes to feel whether it is correct；

b) Control the "quick shift” to 25% and the feed to 0%；

c) When the tool is close to (about 10mm) the machining surface, pause the machine；

d) Check whether the remaining itinerary and procedures are correct；

e) After turning on the power again, put one hand on the pause button, ready to stop at any time, and the other hand controls the feed speed.；

f) When the tool is very close to the workpiece surface, it can be stopped again. The remaining stroke of the Z-axis must be checked.

g) After the machining and cutting are smooth and stable, each control will be adjusted back to the normal state.

4) After entering the program name, use a pen to copy back the program name on the screen, and then check with the program list. When opening the program, pay attention to check whether the tool diameter size in the program matches the program, and fill in the file name and tool diameter size immediately in the signature field of the processor on the program list. It is forbidden to fill in afterwards or beforehand.

5) In principle, NC technicians are not allowed to leave when the workpiece is roughened. In case of tool changes or assistance in adjusting other machine tools, etc., when they must leave, other NC team members must be invited or come back regularly to check.

6) When doing Zhongguang, NC technicians should pay special attention to places that are not opened when the roughening is done to prevent the tool from crashing into this area.

7) Program cut.If the program is interrupted during processing and too much time is wasted from the beginning, the team leader and the programmer should be notified to modify the program and cut off the parts that have already been done.

8) The program is abnormal.In case of abnormal conditions in the program, and there is no grasp, you can hang up to observe the process, and then decide on the next step.

9) The travel speed and rotation speed provided by the programmer during the processing process can be adjusted by the NC technician as appropriate according to the situation.However, special attention should be paid to the fact that the travel speed of small pieces of copper wire cannot be opened fast when it is thick, so as to avoid loosening of the workpiece due to oscillation.

10) During the processing of the workpiece, the NC mechanic should check with the parts diagram to see if there is any abnormality. Once the two are found to be inconsistent, the person in charge of the team must immediately stop and notify the person in charge of the team to check if there is an error.

11) When machining with a tool longer than 200mm, attention must be paid to the margin, the feed depth, the speed, and the travel speed to avoid swaying the tool. At the same time, the travel speed of the corner position should be controlled.

12) For those who require the diameter of the tool to be tested on the program list, the operator must be serious and responsible, and at the same time record the diameter of the test. If it exceeds the tolerance range, it should be immediately reported to the person in charge of the team or the tool change.

13) When the machine tool is in automatic operation or when there is time, the operator should go to the workstation to understand the remaining processing programming, prepare and grind the appropriate tools for the next processing, so as to avoid downtime.

14) Process errors are the main reasons for wasting time: incorrect use of inappropriate tools, incorrect processing arrangement, waste of time in locations that do not require processing or non-computer processing, improper use of processing conditions (speed is too slow, empty knife, tool path is too dense, feed is too slow, etc.), the above-mentioned incidents can be contacted in programming, etc. When they occur.

15) During the processing process, attention must be paid to the wear of the tool, and the tool grains or tools should be replaced appropriately. After the tool grains are replaced, pay attention to whether the boundaries of the processed joints match.

07 Precautions after processing

1) Confirm that each procedure and each instruction required by the procedure list have been completed.

2) After the processing is completed, it is necessary to check whether the shape of the workpiece meets the requirements, and at the same time, self-check the size of the workpiece according to the parts drawing or process drawing, and find errors in time.

3) Check the various locations of the workpiece for abnormalities. If you have any questions, you need to notify the NC team leader.

4) Larger workpieces need to be notified to the team leader, programmer and production team leader when they get off the machine.

5) Pay attention to safety when the workpiece is disembarked, especially when the larger workpiece is disembarked, the workpiece and the NC machine should be protected.08 Distinguishing treatment of machining accuracy requirements Polished surface quality：

1) Mold core, insert

2) Copper male

3) The thimble plate supports the head hole and other places to avoid vacancies

4) Eliminate the phenomenon of shaking knife

patternPolished size：

1) The measurable size should strictly implement the self-inspection after processing

2) When machining for a long time, the loss of the tool should be considered, especially at the front of the batch such as the sealing position.

3) Jingguang should use new cemented carbide tools as much as possible

4) Determine the modulus saving after finishing according to the processing requirements

5) Confirmation of quality such as production and quality after processing

6) Control the tool loss during the processing of the sealing position according to the processing requirements       09 Pick up the shift

1) Confirm the operation status of the work, including processing status, mold status, etc.

2) Confirm whether the equipment is working normally this time.

3) Other handover and confirmation, including drawings, program sheets, tools, measuring tools, fixtures, etc.

10 Organization of the workplace

1) Execute in accordance with 5S requirements.

2) Tools, measuring tools, fixtures, workpieces, tools, etc. are neatly classified and placed.

3) Cleaning of machine tools.

4) Cleaning of the ground in the workplace.

5) Return of processed tools, idle tools, and measuring tools to the warehouse.

6) The processed workpiece is sent to the quality inspection or the corresponding department.